Is cannabis legal in Czech Republic?

The Czech Republic’s estimated medical cannabis market size for 2025 is over €3.5 million.

The Czech Republic is one of the most liberal countries in Europe in terms of its medical cannabis and overall drug policy. The country first established its medical cannabis framework in 2013, allowing patients with specific conditions and illnesses to receive medical cannabis treatment. The Czech Republic is a small market compared to countries such as Germany, the UK and Poland, though sales and patient numbers are still growing. From April 2025, general practitioners have been able to prescribe medical cannabis to patients suffering from chronic pain, easing patient access and stimulating market growth.

As of 1 January 2022, an Amendment to the Addictive Substances Act came into force, which removed the tender for domestic cultivation, allowing companies to apply for a cultivation licence. This has resulted in a growing domestic cultivation industry.

The Czech Republic is currently still an import-reliant medical cannabis market, however, following the opening of the commercial cultivation market the country has become a strong cultivator of medical cannabis for European export. In 2024, the Czech Republic saw its first export of medical cannabis into Germany with the country exporting over 1,300 kilograms over the year to Germany.